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TELEFUNKEN Semiconductors
U209B3/ U209B3-FP
Phase Control Circuit - Tacho Applications
Description:
The integrated circuit U209B3, is designed as a phase control circuit in bipolar technology. It has also protection circuit for the supply. Due to integration of many functions, it leads to significant cost and space saving as well as increased reliability. At the same time, it gives the designer free hand to select varieties of regulators to choose from and switching characteristics according to its choice.
Features
D Internal frequency to voltage converter D Externally controlled integrated amplifier D Automatic soft start with minimised "dead time" D Voltage and current synchronisation D Retriggering D Triggering pulse typ. 155 mA D Internal supply voltage monitoring D Temperature compensated reference source D Current requirement 3 mA Package: DIP14, SO16
14(16) Voltage / Current detector
1(1) Automatic retriggering Output pulse 4(4)
5(5) Control amplifier 6(6)
10(10) + 9(9) -
Phase control unit o = f (V12)
3(3) Supply voltage limitation Reference voltage Voltage monitoring 2(2)
-VS GND
13(15)
Soft start s 11(11) 12(12)
Frequency to voltage converter
8(8)
7(7)
95 10691
Figure 1. Block diagram - SO 16 in bracket
Rev. A1: 01.09.1995
Preliminary Information
1 (15)
BYT51J D1 R1 M 18 kW 2W R3 220 k W
95 10692
Rev. A1: 01.09.1995
L R4 470 kW 1 Automatic retriggering Output pulse 220 W 5 6 + 9 - Supply voltage limitation Reference voltage Voltage monitoring Control amplifier 3 3.3 nF C2 2 -VS C1 GND C 10 13 22 mF 25 V 2.2 mF 16 V N R 2 680 kW 4 R10 AEG TW11 N600 14 Voltage / Current detector VM = 230 V ~ 10
R9 47 k W
TELEFUNKEN Semiconductors
R31 100 kW
Set speed voltage
R 10 56 k W
R 11 100 k W
C9
Figure 2. Block diagram with typical circuitry for speed regulation
Preliminary Information
Phase control unit o = f (V12)
Soft start s 11 R8 2 MW R6 68 k W C8 220 nF R7 22 kW C5 1 nF C3 2.2 mF 16 V 1kW R5 12 8 7 220 nF C4 Speed sensor Frequency to voltage converter C7 2.2 mF 16 V
2.2 mF /16 V
Actual speed voltage
C6
U209B3/ U209B3-FP
3 (15)
100 nF
U209B3/U209B3-FP
Description
Mains Supply
The U209B is designed with voltage limiting and can therefore be supplied directly from the mains. The supply voltage between Pin 2 (+ pol/ ) and Pin 3 builds up across D1 and R1 and is smoothed by C1. The value of the series resistance can be approximated using (Figure 2): R1 = VM - Vs
2 IS
TELEFUNKEN Semiconductors
When the potential on Pin 6 reaches the nominal value predetermined at Pin 11, then a trigger pulse is generated whose width tp is determined by the value of C2 (the value of C2 and hence the pulse width can be evaluated by assuming 8 ms/nF. The current sensor on Pin 1 ensures that, for operation with inductive loads, no pulse will be generated in a new half cycle as long as current from the previous half cycle is still flowing in the opposite direction to the supply voltage at that instant. This makes sure that "Gaps" in the load current are prevented. The control signal on Pin 11 can be in the range 0 V to -7 V (reference point Pin 2). If V11 = -7 V then the phase angle is at maximum = amax i. e. the current flow angle is a minimum. The minimum phase angle amin is when V11 = Vpin2.
Further information regarding the design of the mains supply can be found in the data sheets in the appendix. The reference voltage source on Pin 13 of typ. -8.9 V is derived from the supply voltage and represents the reference level of the control unit. Operation using an externally stabilised DC voltage is not recommended. If the supply cannot be taken directly from the mains because the power dissipation in R1 would be too large, then the circuit shown in the following Figure 3 should be employed.
Voltage Monitoring
As the voltage is built up, uncontrolled output pulses are avoided by internal voltage surveillance. At the same time, all of the latches in the circuit (phase control, soft start) are reset and the soft-start capacitor is short circuited. Used with a switching hysteresis of 300 mV, this system guarantees defined start-up behaviour each time the supply voltage is switched on or after short interruptions of the mains supply.
~
U211B
24 V~
1 2 3 4 5
Soft-Start
As soon as the supply voltage builds up (t1), the integrated soft-start is initiated. The figure below shows the behaviour of the voltage across the soft-start capacitor and is identical with the voltage on the phase control input on Pin 11. This behaviour guarantees a gentle start-up for the motor and automatically ensures the optimum run-up time. C3 is first charged up to the starting voltage Vo with typically 30 mA current (t2). By then reducing the charging current to approx. 4 mA, the slope of the charging function is substantially reduced so that the rotational speed of the motor only slowly increases. The charging current then increases as the voltage across C3 increases giving a progressively rising charging function which more and more strongly accelerates the motor with increasing rotational speed. The charging function determines the acceleration up to the set-point. The charging current can have a maximum value of 50 mA.
R1
C1
95 10362
Figure 3. Supply voltage for high current requirements
Phase Control
The function of the phase control is largely identical to that of the well known integrated circuit U211B. The phase angle of the trigger pulse is derived by comparing the ramp voltage, which is mains synchronised by the voltage detector, with the set value on the control input Pin 4. The slope of the ramp is determined by C2 and its charging current. The charging current can be varied using R2 on Pin 5. The maximum phase angle amax can also be adjusted using R2.
4 (15)
Preliminary Information
Rev. A1: 31.09.1995
TELEFUNKEN Semiconductors
95 10272
U209B3/ U209B3-FP
The values of C5 and C6 must be such that for the highest possible input frequency, the maximum output voltage does V0 does not exceed 6 V. While C5 is charging up the Ri on Pin 8 is approx. 6 k. To obtain good linearity of the f/V converter the time constant resulting from Ri and C5 should be considerably less (1/5) than the time span of the negative half cycle for the highest possible input frequency. The amount of remaining ripple on the output voltage on Pin 9 is dependent on C5, C6 and the internal charge amplification. Vo = Gi . Vch . C5 C6
VC3 V1
2
V0
t
1
t t
2
t
3
ttot
The ripple Vo can be reduced by using larger values of C6, however, the maximum conversion speed will than also be reduced. The value of this capacitor should be chosen to fit the particular control loop where it is going to be used.
Figure 4. Soft-start
Frequency to Voltage Converter
The internal frequency to voltage converter (f/V-converter) generates a DC signal on Pin 9 which is proportional to the rotational speed using an AC signal from a tacho-generator or a light beam whose frequency is in turn dependent on the rotational speed. The high impedance input with a switch-on threshold of typ. - 100 mV gives very reliable operation even when relatively simple tacho-generators are employed. The tacho-frequency is given by: n f= n = revolutions per minute p = number of pulses per revolution The converter is based on the charge pumping principle. With each negative half wave of the input signal, a quantity of charge determined by C5 is internally amplified and then integrated by C6 at the converter output on Pin 9. The conversion constant is determined by C5, its charging voltage of Vch, R6 (Pin 9) and the internally adjusted charge amplification Gi. k = Gi
.
Control Amplifier
The integrated control amplifier with differential input compares the set value (Pin 10) with the instantaneous value on Pin 9 and generates a regulating voltage on the output Pin 11 (together with external circuitry on Pin 12) which always tries to hold the real voltage at the value of the set voltages. The amplifier has a transmittance of typically 110 mA/V and a bipolar current source output on Pin 11 which operates with typically 100 mA. The amplification and frequency response are determined by R7, C7, C8 and R8 (can be left out). For operation as a power divider, C4, C5, R6, C6, R7, C7, C8 and R8 can be left out. Pin 9 should be connected with Pin 11 and Pin 7 with Pin 2. The phase angle of the triggering pulse can be adjusted using the voltage on Pin 10. An internal limiting circuit prevents the voltage on Pin 11 from becoming more negative than V13 + 1 V.
60
p[Hz]
Pulse Output Stage
The pulse output stage is short circuit protected and can typically deliver currents of 125 mA. For the design of smaller triggering currents, the function IGT = f (RGT) has been given in the data sheets in the appendix.
C5 . R6 . Vch
Automatic Retriggering
The automatic retriggering prevents half cycles without current flow, even if the triacs is turned off earlier e.g. due to not exactly centred collector (brush lifter) or in the event of unsuccessful triggering. If it is necessary, another triggering pulse is generated after a time lapse of tPP = 4.5 tP and this is repeated until either the triac fires or the half cycle finishes.
The analog output voltage is given by = k . f. Vo whereas: Vch = 6.7 V Gi = 8.3
Rev. A1: 01.09.1995
Preliminary Information
5 (15)
U209B3/U209B3-FP
General Hints and Explanation of Terms
To ensure safe and trouble-free operation, the following points should be taken into consideration when circuits are being constructed or in the design of printed circuit boards. D The connecting lines from C2 to Pin 6 and Pin 2 should be as short as possible, and the connection to Pin 2 should not carry any additional high current such as the load current. When selecting C2, a low temperature coefficient is desirable. D The common (earth) connections of the set-point generator, the tacho-generator and the final interference suppression capacitor C4 of the f/V converter should not carry load current. D The tacho generator should be mounted without influence by strong stray fields from the motor.
Mains Supply V
TELEFUNKEN Semiconductors
95 10716
p/2
p
3/2p
2p
VGT Trigger Pulse VL Load Voltage
tp
tpp = 4.5 tp
IL Load Current F
f
Figure 5. Explanation of terms in phase relationship
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Reference point Pin 2, unless otherwise specified Parameters Current requirement t 10 ms Synchronisation current t < 10 ms t < 10 ms f/V converter: Input current t < 10 ms Pin 3 Pin 1 Pin 14 Pin 1 Pin 14 Pin 7 Pin 11 -VI II Pin 12 Pin 4 Pin 10 Pin 9 Pin 13 Tamb = 45 C Tamb = 80 C -VI VR -VI -VI Io Ptot Tstg Tj Tamb 0 to 7 500 |V13| to 0 VS to 5 |VS| |V13| to 0 7.5 570 320 -40 to +125 125 -10 to +100 V mA V V Symbol -IS -iS IsyncI IsyncV ii iv Ieff ii Value 30 100 5 5 35 35 3 13 Unit mA mA
mA
Phase control: Input voltage Input current Soft-start: Input voltage Pulse output: Reverse voltage Amplifier Input voltage Pin 8 open Reference voltage source Output current Power dissipation Storage temperature range Junction temperature Ambient temperature range 6 (15)
V mA mW C
Preliminary Information
Rev. A1: 31.09.1995
TELEFUNKEN Semiconductors
U209B3/ U209B3-FP
Symbol RthJA Maximum 140 180 100 Unit K/W
Thermal Resistance
Junction ambient Parameters DIP 14 SO 16: on p.c. board SO 16: on ceramic substrate
Electrical Characteristics
-VS = 13.0 V, Tamb = 25 C, reference point Pin 2, unless otherwise specified Parameters Supply voltage for mains operations Supply voltage limitation DC supply current Reference voltage source Temperature coefficient Voltage monitoring Turn-on threshold Turn-off threshold Phase control currents Current synchronisation Voltage synchronisation Voltage limitation Reference ramp, Figure 6 Charge current R - reference voltage Temperature coefficient Output pulse Output pulse current Reverse current Output pulse width Automatic retriggering Repetition rate Amplifier Common mode voltage range Input bias current Input offset voltage Output current Short circuit forward transmittance Test Conditions / Pin Pin 3 -IS = 3 mA -IS = 30 mA -VS = 13.0 V -IL = 10 mA -IL = 5 mA Pin 3 Pin 3 Pin 13 Pin 13 Pin 3 Symbol -VS -VS -IS VRef TCVRef -VTON -VTOFF Pin 1 Pin 14 Pin 1, 14 Isyncl IsyncV Vl I6 V Ref TC Ref IO IOR tp tpp/tp VICR IIB VIO -IO +IO Yf 11.2 10.9 Min 13.0 14.6 14.7 1.1 8.6 8.3 Typ Max VLimit 16.6 16.8 3.0 9.2 9.1 0.5 13 Unit V V mA V mV/K V V mA mA V mA V mV/K mA mA ms/nF
2.5 8.9
9.9 0.35 0.35 1.4 1 1.06
IL = 5 mA
1.6
2.0 2.0 1.8 20
I6 = f (R5), R5 = 1 K ... 820 kW Pin 6 a = 180 Pin 5,3 Pin 5 RV = 0, VGT = 1.2 V Pin 4 Pin 4 Pin 5,2 Pin 4 Pin 9, 10 Pin 10 Pin 9, 10 Pin 11 Pin 11 Pin 11
1.13 0.5 155 0.01 8 4.5
1.18
100
190 3.0
3 (V13-1V)
6 (V2-1V) V mA mV mA mA/V
75 88
I11 = f (V9/10)
0.01 10 110 120 1000
1 145 165
Rev. A1: 01.09.1995
Preliminary Information
7 (15)
U209B3/U209B3-FP
Parameters Test Conditions / Pin Frequency to voltage converter Input bias current Pin 7 Input voltage limitation II = 1 mA Pin 7 Pin 7 Turn-on threshold Pin 7 Turn-off threshold Pin 7 Discharge current Figure 2 Pin 8 Charge transfer voltage Pin 8 Charge transfer gain I9 / I8 Pin 8/9 Conversion factor C8 = 1 nF, R9 = 100 kW Operating range f/V output Ref. point Pin 13 Pin 9 Linearity Soft start Figures 7 to 11 Pin 12 f/v-converter non active Starting current V12 = V13, V7 = V2 Final current V12 = -0.5 V f/v-converter active Starting current V12 = V13 Final current V12 = -0.5 V Discharge current Restart pulse Symbol IIB +VI -VI -VTON -VTOFF Idis Vch Gi k VO
TELEFUNKEN Semiconductors
Min Typ 0.6 660 7.25 20 6.50 7.5 100 50 0.5 6.70 8.3 5.5 0-6 1 Max 2 750 8.05 150 Unit mA mV V mV mV mA V mV/Hz V %
6.90 9.0
IO IO IO IO -IO
20 50 2 30 0.5
30 85 4 55 3
50 130 6 80 10
mA mA mA mA mA
8 (15)
Preliminary Information
Rev. A1: 31.09.1995
TELEFUNKEN Semiconductors
U209B3/ U209B3-FP
10
240 Phase Control Reference Point Pin 2 200 Phase Angle a ( ) 10nF 160 4.7nF V13 ( V ) 2.2nF
8 Soft Start 6
120 80 0 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
95 10305
4 Cf/t=1.5nF 2 f/V-Converter Non Active Reference Point Pin 16 0 Rf ( MW ) t=f(C3)
95 10302
Figure 6.
100 Soft Start 80 I13 ( mA ) V13 ( V ) 8 10 Soft Start
Figure 9.
f/V-Converter Active Reference Point Pin 16
60
6
40 20 f/V-Converter Non Active Reference Point Pin 16 0 0
95 10303
4 2 0 2 4 6 V13 ( V ) 8 10
95 10306
t=f(C3)
Figure 7.
100 Soft Start 80 V13 ( V ) f/V-Converter Active Reference Point Pin 16 I13 ( mA ) 60 8 10 Soft Start
Figure 10.
95 10307
Reference Point Pin 16 6 4
40 2 20 0 0
95 10304
0 t=f(C3) Motor Standstill ( Dead Time ) Motor in Action
2
4
6 V13 ( V )
8
10
Figure 8.
Figure 11.
Rev. A1: 01.09.1995
Preliminary Information
9 (15)
U209B3/U209B3-FP
500 Frequency to Voltage Converter 250 I8 ( mA ) Reference Point Pin 2 0 P(R1) ( W ) 4 3 2 -250 1 -500 -10
95 10308
TELEFUNKEN Semiconductors
6 5 Mains Supply
0 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4
95 10317
0
3
6
9
12
15
V8 ( V )
Itot ( mA )
Figure 12.
50 100 Control Amplifier 40 50 I 12 ( mA ) R 1 ( kW ) 30
Figure 15.
Mains Supply
0
20 -50 10 -100 Reference Point Pin 16 0 -300
95 10309
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
95 10315
0
4
8 Itot ( mA )
12
16
V10-11 ( V )
Figure 13.
100 Pulse Output 80 P(R1) ( W ) IGT ( mA ) 6 5
Figure 16.
Mains Supply 4 3 2 1 0 0 200 400 600 800 1000
95 10316
60
40 20 0
1.4V
VGT=0.8V
0
10
20 R1 ( kW )
30
40
95 10313
RGT ( W )
Figure 14.
Figure 17.
10 (15)
Preliminary Information
Rev. A1: 31.09.1995
TELEFUNKEN Semiconductors
U209B3/ U209B3-FP
R
Applications
5
22 nF 22 mF 10 V 3 C4
33 kW 100 kW R6
C L 220 kW R3 D1 1N4004 230 VX M R1 18 kW 1.5 W R4 N 470 kW 1 14
13
12
11
10
9
8
U209B
2 GND 3 -VS R2 470 kW Ro 3.3 nF C2 Co /t C1 22 mF 25 V 4 5 6 7
95 10621
Figure 18. Phase control (power control) for electric tools
Rev. A1: 01.09.1995
Preliminary Information
11 (15)
U209B3/U209B3-FP
12 (15)
22 nF R13 100 nF R9 C6 R10 56 k W C5 1N4004 1.5 nF R12 NTC A34-2/306 C3 220 k W R2 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 D1 C4 R7 100 kW R14 10 mF 10 V 22 kW 15 kW
95 10684
230 V~
U209B
R1 1 4 -VS 470 kW R2 R4 GND R15 68 W C1 47 mF 25 V 470 kW Ro C2 4.7 nF Co/t 2 3 5 6 18 k W 1.5 W 7
RL
Figure 19. Temperature controlled fan motor (220 Vac)
Preliminary Information
R8 47 k W
150 nF 250 V~
180 W
R11
820 W
AEG TW11N
TELEFUNKEN Semiconductors
Rev. A1: 31.09.1995
Rev. A1: 01.09.1995
22 nF R 13 100 nF C6 100 kW R2 14 13 10 9 8 C5 1N4004 12 11 D1 R10 56 k W R12 1.5 nF NTC A34-2/306 C3 C4 R7 R14 10 10 V 100 k W 22 kW R9 15 kW
TELEFUNKEN Semiconductors
95 10685
230 V~
U209B
R1 1 4 -VS GND R15 68 W C1 47 mF 25 V 2 3 5 8.2 k W 1.5 W R4 200 kW 470 kW R2 Ro C2 4.7 nF Co/t 6 7
RL
Figure 20. Temperature controlled fan motor (110 Vac)
Preliminary Information
R8 47 k W
150 nF 250 V~
180 W
R11
820 W
U209B3/ U209B3-FP
AEG TW11N
13 (15)
U209B3/U209B3-FP
Design Calculations for Mains Supply
VMmin - VSmax
TELEFUNKEN Semiconductors
The following equations can be used for the evaluation of the series resistor R1 for worst case conditions: R1max = 0.85 P(R1max) = where: VM VS Itot 2 Itot (VMmax - VSmin)2 2 R1 R1min = 0.85 VM - VSmin 2 ISmax
= Mains voltage 220 V = Supply voltage on Pin 4 = Total DC current requirement of the circuit = IS + Ip + Ix ISmax = Current requirement of the IC in mA = Average current requirement of the triggering pulse Ip = Current requirement of other peripheral components Ix R1 can be easily evaluated from diagram figure 16 and 17
Dimensions in mm
94 9445
94 8875
14 (15)
Preliminary Information
Rev. A1: 31.09.1995
TELEFUNKEN Semiconductors
U209B3/ U209B3-FP
Ozone Depleting Substances Policy Statement
It is the policy of TEMIC TELEFUNKEN microelectronic GmbH to 1. Meet all present and future national and international statutory requirements. 2. Regularly and continuously improve the performance of our products, processes, distribution and operating systems with respect to their impact on the health and safety of our employees and the public, as well as their impact on the environment. It is particular concern to control or eliminate releases of those substances into the atmosphere which are known as ozone depleting substances ( ODSs). The Montreal Protocol ( 1987) and its London Amendments ( 1990) intend to severely restrict the use of ODSs and forbid their use within the next ten years. Various national and international initiatives are pressing for an earlier ban on these substances. TEMIC TELEFUNKEN microelectronic GmbH semiconductor division has been able to use its policy of continuous improvements to eliminate the use of ODSs listed in the following documents. 1. Annex A, B and list of transitional substances of the Montreal Protocol and the London Amendments respectively 2 . Class I and II ozone depleting substances in the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 by the Environmental Protection Agency ( EPA) in the USA 3. Council Decision 88/540/EEC and 91/690/EEC Annex A, B and C ( transitional substances ) respectively. TEMIC can certify that our semiconductors are not manufactured with ozone depleting substances and do not contain such substances.
We reserve the right to make changes to improve technical design and may do so without further notice. Parameters can vary in different applications. All operating parameters must be validated for each customer application by the customer. Should the buyer use TEMIC products for any unintended or unauthorized application, the buyer shall indemnify TEMIC against all claims, costs, damages, and expenses, arising out of, directly or indirectly, any claim of personal damage, injury or death associated with such unintended or unauthorized use. TEMIC TELEFUNKEN microelectronic GmbH, P.O.B. 3535, D-74025 Heilbronn, Germany Telephone: 49 ( 0 ) 7131 67 2831, Fax number: 49 ( 0 ) 7131 67 2423
Rev. A1: 01.09.1995
Preliminary Information
15 (15)

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